Choosing and Using Hand Planes | Unrivaled guide 2024

Choosing and Using Hand Planes is a comprehensive guidebook for woodworkers who want to master the art of using hand planes. Written by John English, a highly respected woodworking expert, this book covers everything from the basics of plane selection to advanced techniques for achieving perfect results on any woodworking project.

At its core, Choosing and Using Hand Planes is a handbook for selecting, tuning, and using hand planes effectively. It covers the different types of planes available, including bench planes, block planes, and specialty planes, and explains how to choose the right plane for the job at hand. The book also covers the various components of a hand plane, from the blade and the cap iron to the frog and the lever cap, and explains how to adjust and tune each component for optimal performance.

One of the things that set Choosing and Using Hand Planes apart from other woodworking guides is its emphasis on the practical applications of hand planes. Instead of simply describing the theory behind hand plane use, the book provides detailed instructions for using planes to perform specific tasks, such as flattening a board, jointing an edge, or smoothing a surface. The author also provides tips and tricks for achieving a perfect finish on a variety of different woods, as well as advice on maintaining and caring for your planes to ensure they stay in top condition.

In addition to its practical advice, Choosing and Using Hand Planes is also filled with beautiful photographs and illustrations that make it easy to follow along with the instructions. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced woodworker, you’ll appreciate the clarity and detail of the book’s instructions, as well as the helpful diagrams and photographs that accompany them.

Overall, Choosing and Using Hand Planes is an excellent resource for anyone who wants to improve their woodworking skills. Whether you’re a professional carpenter or a hobbyist, this book will help you select the right planes for your projects, tune them for optimal performance, and use them to achieve perfect results every time. So if you’re looking for a comprehensive guide to hand plane selection and use, be sure to check out Choosing and Using Hand Planes by John English.

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Here is a step-by-step guide on choosing and using hand planes:

Choosing Hand Planes:

1. Determine your project needs: Consider the type of woodworking project you will be working on and the type of wood you will be using to determine the type of hand plane you need.
2. Choose a high-quality plane: Look for a plane made from high-quality materials, with a sturdy construction and a comfortable grip.
3. Consider the size of the plane: Choose a plane that is appropriate for the size of your project and the size of the wood you will be working with.
4. Check the blade quality: Make sure the blade is made from high-quality steel and is sharp and straight.
5. Look for additional features: Consider additional features such as adjustable blade depth and angle, a comfortable grip, and a chip breaker.

Using Hand Planes:

1. Prepare the wood: Before using the hand plane, make sure the wood is clean, dry, and free of any debris or knots that could damage the blade.
2. Set the blade depth and angle: Adjust the blade depth and angle based on the type of wood and the type of cut you want to make. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for setting the blade.
3. Hold the plane properly: Hold the plane with both hands, with one hand on the front knob and the other on the rear handle. Keep your body behind the plane and your arms close to your body for maximum control.
4. Begin planning: Place the plane on the wood and push it forward, applying firm and even pressure. Keep the plane level and move it in the direction of the grain.
5. Check your progress: Check your progress frequently to make sure the plane is removing the right amount of wood and creating a smooth surface.
6. Repeat as needed: Continue planning until you have achieved the desired result. If necessary, adjust the blade depth and angle and repeat the process until you have achieved the desired result.
7. Finish the wood: Once you have planned the wood, finish it with sandpaper or another finishing tool to achieve a smooth and polished surface.

By following these steps, you can choose the right-hand plane for your project and use it effectively to achieve precise and accurate results in your woodworking projects.

Things To Avoid

When it comes to choosing and using hand planes, there are a few things that should be avoided to ensure that you get the best possible results from your tools. Here are some of the key things to keep in mind:

1. Avoid cheap, low-quality planes: While it may be tempting to go for the cheapest option when buying a hand plane, this is often a false economy. Low-quality planes are likely to be poorly made and will not perform well, which can make your woodworking projects more difficult and frustrating. Instead, invest in high-quality planes that are designed to last and perform well.
2. Avoid using dull blades: A dull blade will not cut cleanly or efficiently, which can lead to tear-out and other problems. Make sure to keep your blades sharp by regularly honing them or sending them out for professional sharpening.
3. Avoid improper blade angle and depth settings: The angle and depth at which the blade is set can have a big impact on the performance of your plane. Make sure to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for setting these parameters, and adjust them as needed for different types of wood and different stages of your project.
4. Avoid using the wrong plane for the job: Different planes are designed for different tasks, and using the wrong plane can lead to poor results. Make sure to choose the right plane for the job, and learn about the different types of planes and their uses to ensure that you are using them correctly.
5. Avoid improper technique: Using a hand plane requires proper technique to get the best results. Make sure to learn the correct way to hold and use your plane, and practice your technique to improve your skills.

By avoiding these common pitfalls, you can ensure that you get the best possible results from your hand planes and enjoy a more successful and enjoyable woodworking experience.

Advantages And Disadvantages

Advantages

1. Precision: Hand planes can provide a high degree of precision in woodworking, allowing woodworkers to achieve fine, accurate cuts and smooth surfaces that are difficult to achieve with power tools.
2. Control: Unlike power tools, hand planes allow woodworkers to have greater control over their work. This can be especially important for delicate or intricate projects where precision and control are critical.
3. Versatility: Hand planes can be used for a wide variety of tasks, from rough shaping and smoothing to fine finishing work. They can also be used on a variety of different types of wood, making them a versatile tool for any woodworking project.
4. Portability: Hand planes are relatively lightweight and portable, making them a great tool for working on the go or in smaller spaces.
5. Quiet operation: Unlike power tools, hand planes operate quietly, which can be a great benefit for woodworkers who want to work without disturbing others or who prefer a more peaceful working environment.

Disadvantages

1. Time-consuming: Hand planes can be slower to use than power tools, especially for larger or more complex projects. This can be a disadvantage for woodworkers who need to complete their work quickly or who have large quantities of wood to process.
2. Physical effort: Using a hand plane requires a certain amount of physical effort, especially when working on harder wood. This can be a disadvantage for woodworkers who have physical limitations or who prefer not to exert themselves while working.
3. Skill required: Using a hand plane effectively requires a certain amount of skill and practice. This can be a disadvantage for beginner woodworkers who may struggle to achieve good results at first.
4. Cost: High-quality hand planes can be expensive, especially when compared to some power tools. This can be a disadvantage for woodworkers who are on a tight budget or who prefer to invest in other tools.
5. Maintenance: Hand planes require regular maintenance to keep them in good condition and performing at their best. This can be a disadvantage for woodworkers who prefer tools that require less maintenance or who are not comfortable with performing their own maintenance.

Overall, the advantages and disadvantages of using hand planes will depend on the individual woodworker and their needs and preferences. While hand planes can provide precision, control, and versatility, they do require a certain amount of skill, physical effort, and maintenance. Woodworkers should weigh these factors carefully when deciding whether to use hand planes in their projects.

FAQs

What Are Hand Planes And Their Uses?

Hand planes are woodworking tools that are used to shape, smooth, and remove material from a piece of wood. They consist of a flat base with a sharp blade or iron mounted on an angle. The blade is adjusted by a depth adjuster knob and held in place by a locking mechanism.

Hand planes come in different shapes and sizes, and each has its specific uses. Here are some of the most common hand planes and their uses:

1. Bench planes: These are the most versatile and commonly used hand planes. They come in different lengths and are used for smoothing and flattening large surfaces of wood.
2. Block planes: These are small, compact planes that are used for trimming end grain, chamfering edges, and making small cuts.
3. Jack planes: These are used for removing rough surfaces and making the board flat. They are longer than block planes and shorter than bench planes.
4. Smoothing planes: These are used for the final finish on a piece of wood, leaving a smooth surface with no scratches or bumps.
5. Jointer planes: These are used for flattening and straightening the edges of boards and creating a smooth, straight surface for joining.
6. Shoulder planes: These are used for trimming shoulders and rabbets, making it easier to fit pieces of wood together.

Hand planes require skill and practice to use properly, but they can be invaluable for creating precise and professional-looking woodworking projects.

What Should I Look For In A Used Hand Plane?

If you’re interested in purchasing a used hand plane, there are several things to consider before making your purchase. Here are some things to look for in a used hand plane:

1. Overall condition: Inspect the body of the plane for cracks, chips, or other damage. Also, check that the blade is straight and not warped.
2. Blade quality: Look at the blade and check for any chips or damage. Make sure the blade is sharp and has plenty of life left. If the blade is dull or damaged, it can be sharpened or replaced, but it will add to the cost.
3. Rust: Check for any rust on the body and blade. Some surface rust can be removed with sandpaper or a rust remover, but heavy rust can damage the blade and the body.
4. Sole flatness: Make sure the sole of the plane is flat. If the sole is warped or uneven, it can make it difficult to use the plane effectively.
5. Age and brand: Consider the age and brand of the hand plane. Older planes from reputable brands can be valuable and high-quality, but they may also require more maintenance and care.
6. Price: Finally, consider the price of the hand plane in relation to its condition and quality. Used hand planes can be a great value, but make sure you’re not overpaying for a damaged or low-quality tool.

By considering these factors, you can make an informed decision when purchasing a used hand plane and ensure that you get a quality tool that will serve you well in your woodworking projects.

How Many Types Of Hand Planes Are There?

There are many different types of hand planes, each with its specific uses and design features. Here is an overview of some of the most common types of hand planes:

1. Bench planes: These are the most versatile and commonly used hand planes. They come in different lengths and are used for smoothing and flattening large surfaces of wood.
2. Block planes: These are small, compact planes that are used for trimming end grain, chamfering edges, and making small cuts.
3. Jack planes: These are used for removing rough surfaces and making the board flat. They are longer than block planes and shorter than bench planes.
4. Smoothing planes: These are used for the final finish on a piece of wood, leaving a smooth surface with no scratches or bumps.
5. Jointer planes: These are used for flattening and straightening the edges of boards and creating a smooth, straight surface for joining.
6. Shoulder planes: These are used for trimming shoulders and rabbets, making it easier to fit pieces of wood together.
7. Rabbet planes: These are used for cutting rabbets, which are recessed cuts along the edge of a board.
8. Router planes: These are used for cutting grooves, dados, and other joints that require a precise depth and width.
9. Scraper planes: These are used for smooth surfaces that are too difficult to smooth with a regular plane.
10. Molding planes: These are used for cutting decorative profiles into the edges of boards.

These are just some of the many types of hand planes available. Each type of hand plane has its specific uses and design features, and some hand planes may be specialized for a particular type of woodworking project.

What Should Be Your First-Hand Plane?

What Are The Uses Of Planes?

Hand planes are versatile tools that are used in woodworking to shape, smooth, and finish wood surfaces. Here are some of the most common uses of planes:

1. Smoothing: Planes are used to smooth rough surfaces on wood, removing saw marks, nicks, and other imperfections.
2. Shaping: Planes can be used to shape the edges and corners of a piece of wood, creating bevels, chamfers, and other decorative features.
3. Trimming: Planes can be used to trim down the thickness of a piece of wood to fit a particular size or shape.
4. Jointing: Planes can be used to straighten and flatten the edges of boards to create smooth, seamless joints.
5. Rabbeting: Planes can be used to cut rabbets, which are recessed cuts along the edge of a board.
6. Grooving: Planes can be used to cut grooves, dados, and other joints that require a precise depth and width.
7. Finishing: Planes can be used to create a smooth, polished finish on a piece of wood, leaving a surface that is ready for painting, staining, or other finishing techniques.

Overall, hand planes are essential tools for any woodworker, whether you are a beginner or an experienced craftsman. By learning how to use them effectively, you can create beautiful, high-quality woodworking projects that will last for years to come.

How Many Hand Planes Do You Need?

The number of hand planes you need will depend on your woodworking needs and the type of projects you plan to work on. However, here are some general recommendations for a basic set of hand planes:

1. Bench plane: A No. 5 Jack plane or No. 4 Smoothing plane is a versatile plane that can handle a variety of tasks, from rough work to smoothing and finishing.
2. Block plane: A low-angle block plane is useful for smaller, more detailed work, such as chamfering edges and trimming end grain.
3. Jointer plane: A No. 7 or No. 8 Jointer plane is ideal for flattening and straightening the edges of boards.
4. Shoulder plane: A shoulder plane is useful for trimming shoulders and rabbets, making it easier to fit pieces of wood together.
5. Rabbet plane: A rabbet plane is useful for cutting rabbets, which are recessed cuts along the edge of a board.

While these five planes will cover most basic woodworking needs, keep in mind that there are many other specialized planes available for more specific tasks, such as molding planes, scraper planes, and router planes. As you gain more experience in woodworking, you may find that you want to add more planes to your collection to meet your specific needs.

What Is The Best Hand Plane For End Grain?

The best hand plane for end grain is a low-angle block plane. The low angle of the blade, typically around 12-20 degrees, combined with a bevel-up blade configuration, allows for a more efficient cutting angle that is better suited for end grain.

End grain is more porous and tends to be more difficult to plane than long grain, so a low-angle block plane is an ideal choice because it is designed to handle this type of wood. Additionally, the compact size and shape of the block plane make it easy to maneuver and control, allowing you to make precise cuts and achieve a smooth surface.

When using a block plane on end grain, it’s important to keep the blade sharp and to take light passes, taking care not to tear out the wood fibers. With practice and patience, a block plane can be a valuable tool for working with end grain and producing high-quality woodworking projects.

What Is A Number 4 Hand Plane Used For?

A No. 4 hand plane, also known as a smoothing plane, is a versatile hand plane that is primarily used for smoothing and finishing wood surfaces. It is a medium-sized plane that is commonly used in woodworking and is an essential tool for any woodworker.

The No. 4 hand plane is used for tasks such as:

1. Smoothing rough surfaces: The plane is used to remove saw marks, nicks, and other imperfections from a wood surface, leaving a smooth finish.
2. Trimming wood: The plane is used to trim down the thickness of a piece of wood to fit a particular size or shape.
3. Final smoothing and finishing: The plane is used to produce a polished finish on the wood surface that is ready for painting, staining, or other finishing techniques.
4. Chamfering and beveling: The plane can be used to create beveled edges on a piece of wood for decorative purposes.

The No. 4 hand plane is one of the most versatile and commonly used planes in woodworking, making it an essential tool for any woodworker’s toolkit. It is a great tool for smoothing and finishing smaller surfaces, such as furniture parts, doors, and frames.

What Is The Best Hand Planer?

The best hand planer for you will depend on your personal preferences, your woodworking needs, and your budget. However, here are some top hand planer options to consider:

1. Lie-Nielsen No. 4 ½ Smoothing Plane: This high-end smoothing plane is well-regarded for its precision and attention to detail. It features a comfortable handle, a bronze body, and a high-carbon steel blade.
2. Veritas Custom Hand Plane: This customizable hand plane allows you to choose the body, blade, and other features to meet your specific needs. It is known for its excellent quality and versatility.
3. Stanley Sweetheart No. 62 Low Angle Jack Plane: This affordable option is a versatile and high-performing hand plane that is ideal for smoothing, jointing, and other woodworking tasks. It features a low-angle blade for efficient cutting.
4. WoodRiver No. 5 Bench Plane: This affordable bench plane is a good choice for beginners or woodworkers on a budget. It features a cast-iron body, a high-carbon steel blade, and comfortable handles.
5. Kanna Japanese Hand Plane: This traditional Japanese hand plane is a beautiful and high-performing option for woodworkers who appreciate the artistry and precision of Japanese woodworking tools.

Ultimately, the best hand planer for you will depend on your individual preferences and needs. It’s important to choose a high-quality hand planer that is comfortable to use and capable of producing the results you desire in your woodworking projects.

What Is A No 5 Hand Plane Used For?

A No. 5 hand plane, also known as a Jack plane, is a versatile hand plane that is commonly used in woodworking. It is one of the most popular and useful hand planes and is suitable for a wide range of woodworking tasks.

The No. 5 hand plane is primarily used for:

1. Removing rough surfaces: The plane is used to remove saw marks, nicks, and other imperfections from the wood surface, leaving a smooth finish.
2. Flattening wood: The plane is used to flatten the surface of a board, removing any high spots or warping.
3. Jointing edges: The plane is used to square up and join the edges of boards, making it easier to glue them together.
4. Smoothing wood: The plane can be used to create a smooth finish on a wood surface after the rough work has been done.

The No. 5 hand plane is considered a “jack-of-all-trades” plane and is suitable for a variety of woodworking tasks. It is a good choice for beginners or woodworkers who want a versatile plane that can handle a range of projects. It is also a great place to have in addition to more specialized planes like a smoothing plane or a jointer plane.

What Angle Should A Hand Plane Be?

The angle of a hand plane’s blade depends on the type of plane and the task you are performing. Here are some general guidelines for the blade angle for different types of hand planes:

1. Smoothing Plane: The blade angle for a smoothing plane is typically around 45 degrees. A higher angle, up to 55 degrees, can also be used for smoothing difficult or figured woods.
2. Jack Plane: The blade angle for a jack plane is usually around 45 degrees. A slightly lower angle, around 38 degrees, can also be used for general-purpose tasks.
3. Jointer Plane: The blade angle for a jointer plane is typically around 45 degrees, although a slightly lower angle can also be used for some tasks.
4. Low-Angle Block Plane: The blade angle for a low-angle block plane is typically around 12-20 degrees. This low angle is better suited for end grain and difficult woods.
5. Bevel-Up Block Plane: The blade angle for a bevel-up block plane can vary, but it is typically around 12-25 degrees. A low angle is best for end grain and a higher angle can be used for general-purpose tasks.

It’s important to note that these are general guidelines and the blade angle can vary based on the specific task and the wood being worked. Experimenting with different blade angles can help you find the best angle for your needs. Additionally, keeping the blade sharp is critical to achieving a clean cut regardless of the blade angle.

What Angle Is A Hand Plane?

The angle of a hand plane’s blade can vary depending on the type of plane and the task you are performing. Generally, smoothing planes and jack planes have a blade angle of around 45 degrees, while low-angle block planes have a blade angle of around 12-20 degrees.

How Do You Set Up A Hand Plane?

To set up a hand plane for use, follow these steps:

1. Check the blade: Make sure the blade is clean and sharp. Use a sharpening stone or other sharpening tool to sharpen the blade if necessary.
2. Adjust the blade depth: Loosen the lever cap or knob and adjust the blade depth by turning the adjuster knob. The blade should protrude slightly below the sole of the plane.
3. Set the blade angle: Adjust the blade angle as needed for the type of plane and task you are performing. This can be done by adjusting the frog or by using a honing guide to adjust the bevel angle.
4. Tighten the lever cap or knob: Once the blade is properly set, tighten the lever cap or knob securely to hold the blade in place.
5. Test the plane: Test the plane on a scrap piece of wood to make sure it is cutting properly. Adjust the blade depth and angle as needed to achieve the desired result.

Setting up a hand plane can take some practice, but with a little experimentation and patience, you can learn to get the most out of your hand plane for your woodworking projects.

Conclusion